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大气科学  2006 

近44年南京温度变化的特征及其可能原因的分析

DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2006.01.05

Keywords: 南京,城市,温度变化,长江

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Abstract:

利用1957~2000年的气候观测资料,研究南京的平均温度、平均最高温度、平均最低温度和平均日较差及炎热日和寒冷日的变化趋势和特点,并分析可能的原因;以滁县和溧阳为对比城市站,分析了三种不同类型城市温度变化的异同.结果表明,近44年来南京平均温度显著上升,其中冬季增暖幅度最大,但夏季呈变凉趋势.与全国平均温度相比,线性变化趋势大体相似,但也存在一定差别.最高温度趋势与平均温度一致,夏季降温更为明显;最低温度除夏季外增暖都非常显著,表明气候变暖在最低温度上表现更加明显;年和各季日较差均明显减小;炎热日和寒冷日趋于减少,其开始和结束时间较以前有明显提前.大气环流系统的变异和调整可能是温度显著升高的直接原因.同样,长江中下游夏季降水天气增多、云量增加、日照时间减少以及伴随的温度下降可能也与环流系统的调整有关.南京与滁县、溧阳的温度差值分别为减小趋势或趋势变化不明显.三种类型城市增暖幅度的相对大小存在着年代际差异.由于不同类型城市间温度变化差异的复杂特点及其所反映出的城市化影响的复杂性,在研究温度变化和考虑城市化的影响时,不仅要考虑大城市,还应该充分注意中、小城市的发展所带来的影响.

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