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大气科学  2007 

中国东部夏季风雨带季节内变异模态的研究

DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2007.06.16

Keywords: 夏季风降水,主要雨带,季节内变异,模态

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Abstract:

根据中国气象局国家气候中心提供的1951~2005年中国160个站月降水量资料,用扩展的EOF(EEOF)分析、小波变换、相关分析和合成分析方法,研究了中国东部夏季风雨带季节性南北变动的主导模态和时空变化的特征,分析了各模态的气候特点及其与西太平洋副热带高压季节内变异的关系。研究表明,我国夏季雨带季节性进退活动不仅是多态的而且是多时间尺度的现象。主导模态主要有六种,为了对各模态雨带推进过程的不同特点有个概要的认识,分别称之为:梅涝型、伏旱型、梅旱型、南涝北旱型、常态型和南旱北涝型。这六种模态基本上反映了我国东部夏季雨带季节性移动异常的各种情况。在时间尺度上,各模态普遍存在准两年、3~5年和准8年的年际变化,以及准10年、准15年、准24年和准30年的年代际变化。但各模态的优势周期存在明显差别,尤其是年代际变化。分析还表明,西太平洋副热带高压的季节性变异是影响我国东部夏季雨带季节内时空变化最直接和最主要的原因。基本上,不同型式的副高变异对应有不同的雨带季节内变化模态和天气气候特征。这些研究结果可为我们进一步探讨中国夏季雨带季节内变异各模态形成的物理过程和成因提供基础。

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