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大气科学  2007 

大气酸沉降的自组织临界性

DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2007.04.15

Keywords: 酸沉降,无趋势波动分析,功率谱分析,分形,幂律,自组织临界性

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Abstract:

运用概率分布函数、矩分析、功率谱分析和无趋势波动分析(DFA)方法,分析了美国1978~2001年期间酸沉降数据,发现大气酸沉降事件类似于沙堆模型中的崩塌事件,具有自组织临界性(SOC)。降水中氢离子沉降量(WHD)的频率分布符合双幂律分布,即在由临界WHD所区分的两个区间内,WHD的频率分布分别呈幂律分布;双幂律分布及临界WHD刻画了酸沉降事件的宏观特征。WHD时间序列具有1/fβ噪声特征,在时域上具有长程相关性(LRC)。降水中硝酸根离子和硫酸根离子沉降量与WHD表现为类似行为。此外,将正常降水的酸度值或环境容量作为大气酸沉降的临界状态,并以此类比为沙堆模型的临界稳态角度。因此,酸沉降的演化符合具有自组织临界性的复杂系统的三个基本特征。据此,作者认为酸沉降在频域上的幂律分布及在时域上的长程相关性是污染胁迫下大气自组织临界行为的标志,自组织临界行为是控制酸沉降演化趋势的内在机制之一。

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