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大气科学  2007 

精细的城市边界层模拟中热力粗糙度引入的初步研究

DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2007.04.06

Keywords: 高分辨率,城市边界层,数值模拟,热力粗糙度

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Abstract:

运用南京大学城市尺度边界层模式(UBLM)以100m水平网格距的精细高分辨率,诊断分析小规模城市(水平范围在一二十公里)的气象环境与边界层结构。就高分辨率精细模拟分析研究了两个问题:(1)在模式中引入热力粗糙度,就引入热力粗糙度前后的模拟结果与实测结果进行对比,结果表明引入后的模拟结果与自动气象站的观测结果吻合较好,能够很好地反映出地面气温的日变化规律。冬季,白天不引入热力粗糙度比引入热力粗糙度会高估小规模城市地区感热通量约60W/m2,而对乡间农作物地区约10W/m2。(2)以四种不同水平网格距对同一下垫面及气象条件进行诊断分析,结果表明以100m网格距精细模拟效果明显优于以较大网格距进行的模拟效果。以这样的精细高分辨率模式所获模拟结果分析了小规模城市的边界层特征,表明:冬季白天和夜间小规模城市与乡村气温差分别为0.8℃和0.6℃;风速明显低于乡村地区;湍能高于乡村地区,白天和夜间湍能一般为乡村的3倍左右;白天混合层发展较乡村迅速,且高度高于乡村地区。这样的特征在当今城市规划布局工作中,为特大型城市的卫星城市的建设规划提供了有益的科学实验依据。模拟效果表明以如此高的水平分辨率实施的模式和模拟是可行和有意义的。

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