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大气科学  2007 

一维辐射对流模式对云-辐射强迫的数值模拟研究

DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2007.03.12

Keywords: ,辐射强迫,气候变化

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Abstract:

利用一维辐射-对流气候模式,详细研究了云量、云光学厚度以及云高等要素的变化对大气顶和地面太阳短波辐射和红外长波辐射通量以及云的辐射强迫的影响,给出了计算这些物理量的经验拟合公式。结果表明,云具有极为重要的辐射-气候效应。云量、云光学厚度以及云高即使只有百分之几的变化,所带来的辐射强迫也可以与大气二氧化碳浓度加倍所产生的辐射强迫(3.75W/m2)相比拟。例如,当分别给它们+3%的扰动时,即取云量变化0.015,云光学厚度变化0.27,以及云高变化0.15km时(在实际的地球大气中,这种尺度的变化是完全可能发生的),那么,可以得到地气系统的太阳短波辐射强迫-3.10W/m2以及红外长波辐射强迫-1.77W/m2,二者之和为-4.78W/m2,已经完全可以抵消大气二氧化碳浓度加倍所产生的辐射强迫。但是,当云量、云光学厚度以及云高向相反方向产生类似扰动时,所产生的辐射强迫可能极大地放大二氧化碳浓度增加所产生的增强温室效应。因此,研究结果揭示出,不管是为了解释过去的气候变化,还是预测未来的气候变化,亟待加强在一个变化了的气候环境(例如地面温度升高)下,云将发生何种变化的研究。

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