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大气科学  2007 

降水性层状云系结构和降水过程的观测个例与模拟研究

DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2007.03.06

Keywords: 层状云,观测和数值模拟,三层模型,降水机制

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Abstract:

2004年7月4～6日,在我国东北地区有一次大范围的降雨过程。作者分析了此次层状云降雨的观测资料,包括机载PMS资料、雷达资料以及地面雨强计资料等,并用包含详细微物理过程的一维层状云模式进行了数值模拟,用顾震潮的三层概念模型（把层状云垂直结构分为三层：第一层为冰晶层,第二层为过冷水层,第三层为暖水层）分析了云的结构及降水形成过程。结果表明,这个模型基本反映了降水性层状云的结构和降水产生的物理过程。在第一层中,冰晶的凝华增长很重要,也存在冰晶的碰并过程。在第二层中,冰晶和雪的增长主要是通过凝华过程,Bergeron过程作用很大,但不同时刻Bergeron过程的作用程度不同。第三层中主要有云滴、雨滴和从第二层降落下来以后融化的雪和霰。云的第一层对第二层有播种作用,冰晶层对降水的贡献为7%,过冷水层对降水的贡献为54%,暖水层对降水的贡献为39%,降水的产生中冷云过程作用稍大,但暖云过程也起重要作用。

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