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大气科学  2007 

北半球定常波输送西风动量的气候态及其年变化

DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2007.03.01

Keywords: 定常波,动量输送,气候态,年变化

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Abstract:

利用高分辨率的再分析资料ERA40,分析了纬向平均状态下北半球不同尺度的定常波对西风动量沿经向输送的气候态及其年变化。结果表明,对流层中定常波对西风动量输送最强的区域位于中纬度对流层的中上层,定常波在该区域长年向北输送纬向动量,且输送中心随季节有南北移动和强弱变化。此外,在高纬度地区的对流层中上层以及赤道对流层顶附近还有两个相对较弱的输送中心。前者对西风动量的输送长年向南,其垂直范围从对流层低层一直伸展到平流层下层,中心位置相对固定,强度有明显的季节变化。后者位置也相对固定,但输送方向随季节改变。平流层中定常波对西风动量的输送主要位于中高纬度的平流层中上层,定常波在该区域长年向北输送西风动量,中心位置非常稳定,而强度则随季节变化明显。行星尺度定常波的输送作用与总波动的输送作用非常一致,并在很大程度上决定了波动对动量输送强度的季节变化。天气尺度定常波和10波以上的短波的输送作用主要集中在中纬度对流层的中高层。前者与行星尺度定常波共同决定了该区域内的输送强度,并主导了输送中心的南北移动;后者的作用很小,除夏季外均可以忽略。作者给出的不同尺度定常波对西风动量输送的气候态分布不但可以作为日后研究其年际变化的基础,而且还可以为大气环流模式对大气环流模拟能力的评估提供重要的参考。

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