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大气科学  2007 

中国东部水分收支的初步分析

DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2007.02.14

Keywords: 降水,蒸发,陆表水分收支,中国东部

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Abstract:

利用中国160站降水资料、中国气象局提供的探空资料、NCEP/NCAR提供的再分析资料(简称NCEP资料)和ECMWF提供的再分析资料(简称ERA40资料),根据水汽平衡方程,估算了1990~1999年中国东部的陆表水分收支,分析了华北、长江流域和华南三个典型区域的陆表水分收支,同时对NCEP、ERA40资料在东亚地区的陆表水分收支进行评估。结果表明,在中国东部区域,年平均和夏季是水汽汇区,冬季降水与蒸发基本平衡;华北在年平均、夏季以及冬季均为水汽源区;长江流域在年平均、夏季及冬季均为水汽汇区;华南在年平均和冬季为弱水汽汇区,夏季为水汽源区。两套再分析资料基本揭示出了上述特征。就区域平均的蒸发和降水的年际变化而言,两套再分析资料的结果与观测都存在显著相关,但估算的蒸发NCEP好于ERA40;相对于气候态的定量比较而言,由两套再分析资料得到的陆表水分收支距平(即降水减去蒸发的距平)的年际变化基本与观测一致。

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