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大气科学  2007 

三维散度方程及其对暴雨系统的诊断分析

DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2007.01.17

Keywords: 三维,散度,方程,诊断

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Abstract:

利用WRF模式对中国江淮流域一次典型的江淮梅雨锋暴雨过程进行了数值模拟。在模拟结果比较可信的前提下,利用该模式输出的高时空分辨率资料,分析了三维散度的时空分布特征与降水的关系。分析发现,此次江淮梅雨暴雨过程中,对流层中低层尤其是4.287km(约600hPa)高度层的三维散度场非零区与雨带对应较好。其移动趋势也与雨带的移动趋势(相同时段基本位于相同的纬度带内,逐渐南移)一致。暴雨大值中心与三维散度极值中心重合。降水量的增减与三维散度强度变化一致。而无降水的区域为大片的三维散度零值区。三维散度之所以能较好地诊断降水,是因为对流层低层的水汽蒸发和对流层中高层的水汽凝结形成了云,而云导致的质量强迫对三维散度的这种上负下正的分布又有正反馈的作用,而且为降水的发生发展提供了有利条件。在以上分析的基础上,推导了三维散度方程,并通过计算找出影响三维散度变化的主要因子。

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