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大气科学  2007 

平流层剩余环流及其时间演变特征

DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2007.01.14

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Abstract:

平流层剩余环流是由剩余速度经向分量和垂直分量构成的平流层经向-垂直环流,它对于对流层-平流层相互作用和物质交换起着十分重要的作用。作者利用1979~2003年NCEPII再分析资料计算了剩余速度经向分量和垂直分量,并与数值模拟结果进行了比较,再用计算的剩余环流讨论了它的季节变化、年际变化和长期变化趋势。计算结果表明,剩余环流的上升气流从低纬度赤道地区对流层顶上升到平流层下部,然后向极向下运动,在中纬度地区下沉,进入对流层,这也就是Brewer-Dobson环流。计算结果同数值模拟结果比较一致。由此可见,可以利用NCEP资料得到比较清晰的剩余环流和Brewer-Dobson环流。剩余环流有明显的季节变化,上升气流的中心随着季节的变化在赤道地区南北移动,春秋季节其中心基本上位于赤道附近,南北半球大致呈对称分布,只是北半球副热带地区的下沉气流要比南半球强。在冬夏季节,上升气流的中心分别位于南北纬10°附近。北半球夏季的上升气流要比南半球夏季的上升气流强,同时冬半球的下沉气流比夏半球的下沉气流强。剩余环流还有年际变化和准两年周期振荡特征,在纬向风为西风位相时,赤道地区的上升气流比较弱;而在东风位相时,上升气流和水平方向的输送相对比较强。剩余环流的十年际变化表现为,1979~1983年、1990~1995年、2000~2003年较强,其他年份则较弱。在过去25年,就总的变化趋势而言,剩余环流的上升气流有所增强,平流层下部向中纬度地区的输送也有所增强,环流整体形势是增强的。

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