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大气科学  2011 

南海季风爆发期间中尺度对流云带演变特征与持续性加强的机理研究

DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2011.02.06

Keywords: 中国南海季风试验(SCSMEX),中尺度对流云,热带测雨卫星(TRMM)结构与降水

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Abstract:

南海季风爆发与随后爆发的东亚季风,与夏季东亚地区旱涝关系密切,而相伴的南海对流活动与季风爆发的维持和发展存在何种相互关系,是需要探究的。为此,利用热带测雨卫星(TropicalRainfallMeasuringMission,TRMM)的雷达(PrecipitationRadar,PR)、微波成像仪(TRMMMicrowaveImager,TMI)、加密探空等综合观测资料,研究了1998年5~6月中国南海季风试验(SouthChinaSeaMonsoonExperiment,SCSMEX)期间南海北部(15°N~25°N,108°E~122°E)中尺度对流云带的结构、演变和降水特征,探讨了对流有效位能、风切变及相变潜热在对流云带维持和发展中的作用机理。结果表明,季风爆发前南海北部地区尽管存在较大的对流有效位能(convectiveavailablepotentialenergy,CAPE),但垂直风切变很小。季风爆发后,季风环流使对流有效位能和垂直风切变加强和维持,从而导致南海的对流云呈现维持和加强的态势,可发展为深厚中尺度对流云,降水加强。季风爆发期间对流发展产生的水分相变潜热加热率可增加2倍以上,加热、加湿廓线幅度加大、厚度变深,不仅为南海热量、水汽的向上持续性传输提供了有利条件,而且频繁持续的对流活动所提供的热力、动力效应对季风环流的发展和维持的是起正作用的。

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