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大气科学  2012 

夏季黄河下游地区中尺度对流系统的气候特征分布

DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2011.11174

Keywords: MCCPECS,气候特征,黄河下游

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Abstract:

利用1996~2008年逐小时卫星资料、NCEP再分析资料及统计方法,研究了位于黄河下游地区的中尺度对流系统(MesoscaleConvectiveSystem,简称MCS)的气候特征,其中包括中尺度对流复合体(MesoscaleConvectiveComplex,简称MCC)、持续拉长状对流系统(PermanentElongatedConvectiveSystem,简称PECS)、β中尺度对流复合体(Meso-βScaleMCC,简称MβCCS>)、β中尺度持续拉长状对流系统(Meso-βScalePECS,简称MβECS)4类。结果表明:MCC和PECS是黄河下游地区影响夏季降水的主要MCS,其中7月份MCC最多,并且MCC的数量明显大于PECS;与发生在美国的MCS比较,发生在黄河下游地区的MCC和PECS在成熟期的面积和平均偏心率较大、生命史较长,但MβCCS和MβECS的生命史较短、平均偏心率变化不大;黄河下游地区PECS表现出成熟较快和消亡较慢的特征,其最低相当[A1]黑体温度(BlackBodyTemperature,缩写为TBB)平均值为-72℃,比MCC低1℃左右,生命史比MCC长0.9h;在MCC的形成、成熟及消亡期,其日循环特征均表现为明显的双峰特征,而PECS却呈现出单峰特征;黄河下游地区MCC的发生时间主要集中在2个时段,一个是在下午形成,傍晚成熟,凌晨消亡,另一个则在后半夜形成,凌晨成熟,上午甚至中午才消亡;MCS具有明显的年际变化特点,在MCS较少的1999年,500hPa的副热带高压偏南,华北地区位势高度较常年明显偏高,而在MCS较多的2001年,副高异常偏强,华北地区位势高度较常年明显偏低,850hPa上为一低压槽,黄河下游地区主要受副高边缘的西南气流影响。

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