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大气科学  2012 

土壤湿度年际变化对中国区域极端气候事件模拟的影响研究I.基于CAM3.1的模式评估

DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2012.11047

Keywords: 极端气候事件,数值模拟,土壤湿度,年际异常,模式评估

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Abstract:

利用NCAR大气模式CAM3.1对中国区域近40年的极端气候事件进行了模拟试验;在此基础上,利用1961~2000年中国区域452站的逐日最高、最低气温和降水资料,从气候平均、年际变化和长期变化趋势等方面全面评估了该模式对中国极端气候事件的模拟能力。结果表明:(1)模式对中国区域极端气候指数气候平均态的大尺度空间分布特征具有一定的模拟能力;模式对极端降水指标空间分布的模拟能力较好,而对极端气温指标的模拟较差;模式对极端气候指标的模拟存在系统性的偏差,模拟的极端降水的系统性偏差要远大于对极端温度的模拟。(2)模式对极端气温指数的年际变化特征具有较强的模拟能力,而对极端降水指数的年际变化基本没有模拟能力;模式模拟的各极端降水指标的年际变幅与观测存在较大的偏差。(3)模式较好地模拟出了暖夜和暖昼指数在中国大部分区域的增加趋势,但变幅较实测偏小;模式对热浪持续指数长期趋势的模拟则相对略差。模式对极端气温指标长期趋势的模拟能力总体优于对极端降水指标的模拟。模式对极端降水频次和中雨日数长期趋势的模拟尚可,但对持续湿期长期趋势的空间分布模拟较差。研究结果可为该模式用于极端气候的模拟研究提供一定参考。

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