Baik J J, Kim Y H. 2001. Dry and moist convection forced by an urban heat island [J]. J. Appl. Meteor., 40: 1462-1475.
[2]
Changnon S A. 1968. The LaPorte weather anomaly—Fact or fiction? [J]. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 49: 4-11.
[3]
Changnon S A, Huff F A, Schickedanz P T, et al. 1977. Summary of METROMEX, Volume 1: Weather anomalies and impacts [M]. Urbana: Bulletin 62, Illinois State Water Survey, 260pp.
[4]
Changnon S A, Semonin R G, Auer A H, et al. 1981. METROMEX: A Review and Summary [M]. America: American Meteorologial Society, 81pp.
[5]
Craig K, Bornstein R. 2002. MM5 simulation of urban induced convective precipitation over Atlanta [C]. Preprints, Fourth Conf. on the Urban Environment, Norfolk, VA, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 5-6.
[6]
段婧, 毛节泰. 2008. 华北地区气溶胶对区域降水的影响 [J]. 科学通报, 53 (23): 2947-2955. Duan Jing, Mao Jietai. 2008. Aerosols impact on regional precipitation over North China [J]. Chinese Science Bulletin (in Chinese), 53 (23): 2947-2955.
[7]
Hjemfelt M R. 1982. Numerical simulation of the effects of St. Louis on mesoscale boundary layer airflow and vertical air motion: Simulations of urban vs. non-urban effects [J]. J. Appl. Meteor., 21 (9): 1239-1257.
[8]
Huff F A, Changnon S A. 1972. Climatological assessment of urban effects on precipitation at St. Louis [J]. J. Appl. Meteor., 11 (5): 823-842.
[9]
Johnson D B. 1976. Ultragiant urban aerosol particles [J]. Science, 194 (4268): 941-942.
[10]
Khain A, Rosenfeld D, Pokrovsky A. 2005. Aerosol impact on the dynamics and microphysics of deep convective clouds [J]. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 131 (611): 2639-2663.
[11]
Khain A, Lynn B. 2009. Simulation of a supercell storm in clean and dirty atmosphere using weather research and forecast model with spectral bin microphysics [J]. J. Geophys. Res., 114: D19209, doi: 10.1029/2009JD011827.
[12]
Kusaka H, Kimura F. 2004. Coupling a single-layer urban canopy model with a simple atmospheric model: Impact on urban heat island simulation for an idealized case [J]. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 82 (1): 67-80.
[13]
Kusaka H, Kondo H, Kikegawa Y, et al. 2001. A simple single-layer urban canopy model for atmospheric models: Comparison with multi-layer and slab models [J]. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 101 (3): 329-358.
[14]
Kusaka H, Chen F, Bao J W, et al. 2004. Simulation of the urban heat island effects over the greater Houston area with the high resolution WRF/LSM/Urban coupled system [C]. Symposium on“Planning, Nowcasting, and Forecasting in the Urban Zone”. 1-15 January, Seattle, WA.
[15]
Landsberg H E. 1970. Man-made climatic changes [J]. Science, 170 (3964): 1265-1274.
[16]
Mather G K. 1991. Coalescence enhancement in large multicell storms caused by the emissions from a Kraft paper mill [J]. J. Appl. Meteor., 30: 1134-1146.
[17]
蒙伟光, 闫敬华, 扈海波. 2007. 城市化对珠江三角洲强雷暴天气的可能影响 [J]. 大气科学, 31 (2): 364-372. Meng Weiguang, Yan Jinghua, Hu Haibo. 2007. Possible impact of urbanization on severe thunderstorms over Pearl River Delta [J]. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences (in Chinese), 31 (2): 364-372.
[18]
Shepherd J M. 2005. A review of current investigations of urban-induced rainfall and recommendations for the future [J]. Earth Interactions, 9 (2): 1-27.
[19]
Spangler T C, Dirks R A. 1974. Mesoscale variations of the urban mixing height [J]. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 6 (3-4): 428-441.
[20]
Lee S S, Donner L J, Phillips V T J, et al. 2008a. The dependence of aerosol effects on clouds and precipitation on cloud-system organization, shear and stability [J]. J. Geophys. Res., 113: D16202, doi: 10.1029/2007JD009224.
[21]
Lee S S, Donner L J, Phillips V T J, et al. 2008b. Examination of aerosol effects on precipitation in deep convective clouds during the 1997 ARM summer experiment [J]. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 134 (634): 1201-1220, doi: 10.1002/qj. 287.
[22]
黎伟标, 杜尧东, 王国栋, 等. 2009. 基于卫星探测资料的珠江三角洲城市群对降水影响的观测研究 [J]. 大气科学, 33 (6): 1259-1266. Li Weibiao, Du Yaodong, Wang Guodong, et al. 2009. Urbanization effects on precipitation over the Pearl River Delta based on satellite data [J]. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences (in Chinese), 33 (6): 1259-1266.
[23]
Lynn B, Khain A, Dudhia J, et al. 2005. Spectral (bin) microphysics coupled with a mesoscale model (MM5). Part 2: Simulation of a CaPE rain event with squall line [J]. Mon. Wea. Rev., 133: 59-71, doi: 10.1175/MWR-2841.1.
[24]
Meng W G, Yan J H, Hu H B. 2007. Urban effects and summer thunderstorms in a tropical cyclone affected situation over Gunagzhou city [J]. Science in China (Series D: Earth Sciences), 50 (12): 1867-1876.
[25]
Ni？ogi D, Holt T, Zhong S, et al. 2006. Urban and land surface effects on the 30 July 2003 MCS mesoscale convective system event observed in the southern Great Plains [J]. J. Geophys. Res., 111: D19107, doi: 10.1029/2005JD006746.
[26]
Ramanathan V, Crutzen P J, Kiehl J T, et al. 2001. Aerosols, climate and the hydrological cycle [J]. Science, 294 (5549): 2119-2124, doi: 10.1126/science. 1064034.
[27]
Rozoff C, Cotton W R, Adegoke J O. 2003. Simulation of St. Louis, Missouri, land use impacts on thunderstorms [J]. J. Appl. Meteor., 42: 716-738.
[28]
Skamarock W C, Klemp J B, Dudhia J, et al. 2005. A description of the Advanced Research WRF Version 2 [R]. NCAR Tech Notes-468+STR.
[29]
孙继松, 舒文军. 2007. 北京城市热岛效应对冬夏季降水的影响研究 [J]. 大气科学, 31 (2): 311-320. Sun Jisong, Shu Wenjun. 2007. The effect of urban heat island on winter and summer precipitation in Beijing region [J]. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences (in Chinese), 31 (2): 311-320.
[30]
孙继松, 王华, 王令, 等. 2006. 城市边界层过程在北京2004年7月10日局地暴雨过程中的作用 [J]. 大气科学, 30 (2): 221-234. Sun Jisong, Wang Hua, Wang Ling, et al. 2006. The role of urban boundary layer in local convective torrential rain happening in Beijing on 10 July 2004 [J]. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences (in Chinese), 30 (2): 221-234.
[31]
Thielen J, Wobrock W, Gadian A, et al. 2000. The possible influence of urban surfaces on rainfall development: A sensitivity study in 2D in the meso-gamma-scale [J]. Atmospheric Research, 54 (1): 15-39.
[32]
Thompson G, Field P R, Rasmussen R M, et al. 2008. Explicit Forecasts of winter precipitation using an improved bulk microphysics scheme. Part II: Implementation of a new snow parameterization [J]. Mon. Wea. Rev., 136 (12): 5095-5115.
[33]
Vukovich F M, Dunn J W. 1978. A theoretical study of the St. Louis heat island: Some parameter variations [J]. J. Appl. Meteor., 17 (11): 1585-1594.
[34]
van den Heever S C, Cotton W R. 2007. Urban aerosol impacts on downwind convective storms [J]. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 46 (6): 828-850, doi: 10.1175/JAM2492.1.
[35]
徐祥德, 施晓晖, 张胜军, 等. 2005. 北京及周边城市群落气溶胶影响域及其相关气候效应 [J]. 科学通报, 50 (22): 2522-2530. Xu Xiangde, Shi Xiaohui, Zhang Shengjun, et al. 2005. Aerosol influence domain and its climatic effect over Beijing and surrounding cities [J]. Chinese Science Bulletin (in Chinese), 50 (22): 2522-2530.
[36]
Zhang H, McFarquhar G M, Saleeby S M, et al. 2007. Impacts of Saharan dust as CCN on the evolution of an idealized tropical cyclone [J]. Geophys. Res. Lett., 34 (14): L14812, 6 PP, doi: 10.1029/2007GL029876.
