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大气科学  2012 

人为大气污染物对一次冬季浓雾形成发展的影响研究

DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2012.11200

Keywords: 大气污染,雾形成,WRF/Chem模拟

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Abstract:

基于WRF/Chem模式和雾的观测资料,开展了包含和不包含人为污染排放源两种大气背景条件下的数值模拟对比试验,在此基础上探讨了人为污染物对2009年12月1日发生在我国华北和华东地区的一次浓雾天气过程的影响机理.结果表明,在考虑污染排放源时,模式模拟的雾的空间分布和强度变化与卫星、能见度仪和微波辐射计的观测更为接近.污染条件下的边界层结构更有利于雾的形成,人为大气污染物使雾的范围最大增加50%,雾的强度最大增加5倍,平均延长雾持续时间1.5小时.由于人为污染物增加了雾凝结核(FCN)数浓度,进而使雾滴数浓度显著增大,有利于雾的增强.同时,污染物通过影响雾滴的凝结过程和潜热释放过程,对长波辐射降温和湍流过程有重要影响,使边界层的热力和动力结构更有利于雾的增强和发展.污染气体SO2、NOx和NH3的排放产生的二次气溶胶对雾的形成和发展具有重要影响.不考虑这些污染气体排放时,平均雾水含量可降低32%.

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