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大气科学  2012 

华南6月降水异常及其与东亚—太平洋遥相关的关系

DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2012.11209

Keywords: 华南前汛期季风降水,东亚—太平洋遥相关,年际变化,环流异常

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Abstract:

利用1959~2010年共52年的大气环流和降水资料,我们分析了华南前汛期季风降水(6月降水)的变化特征,发现6月华南降水与同期EAP(EastAsia-Pacific,东亚—太平洋)遥相关型有显著的相关关系,两者之间的相关系数为0.35.EAP指数为正时,长江中下游以南的地区降水偏多,而长江以北和黄河之间的地区降水偏少.将华南6月降水分为与EAP相关的降水序列和与EAP独立的降水序列,比较了二者所对应环流异常的异同点.结果表明,与EAP相关的降水异常对应着EAP相关型的环流异常分布特征,降水为正异常时,850hPa风场从低纬度到高纬度呈现“反气旋、气旋、反气旋”的异常分布,湿的偏南风和干的偏北风在华南上空交汇,降水增多;而整个淮河流域上空为偏北风异常,导致南风带来的水汽输送减少,降水偏少,因此降水异常呈现偶极子分布.相比之下,与EAP独立的降水正异常对应的环流异常表现为热带西北太平洋上空的反气旋性环流异常,华南地区上空为显著的西南风异常,输送到华南地区的水汽增多,导致降水偏多.

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