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大气科学  2012 

大气分层扰动位能控制方程及其应用——南海夏季风活动的能量收支

DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2012.11187

Keywords: 南海夏季风,扰动位能,动能,能量循环,季风中断、活跃

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Abstract:

针对局地环流能量转换问题,本文推导了分层扰动位能一阶矩(LPPE1)和动能(KE)的控制方程,分析了方程中各能量项的空间分布和季节变化特征,并以南海夏季风为例,诊断了夏季风活动各相位的能量收支特征.结果表明,850hPa高度上在赤道辐合带、大部分季风区、风暴轴地区是LPPE1的源区,副热带的大洋东部和高纬度地区是LPPE1的汇区,强源、汇的中心与LPPE1的纬向偏差场的脊、槽分布对应较好.LPPE1向KE的转化项(CK)取决于垂直速度和大气稳定度,是连接KE和LPPE1的纽带,在暖(冷)空气上升(下沉)时,转化项为正,LPPE1向KE转化能量,反之KE转化为LPPE1.在850hPa高度上CK的分布特征是在赤道辐合带以及大部分季风区有大值分布,北半球风暴轴和南半球西风带有连续分布的正值区.将这应用到南海夏季风活动的能量收支,在南海夏季风恢复相位,CK增大,在南海夏季风活跃相位,CK达到最大,且为边界输入能量的2~3倍,CK是南海夏季风恢复、活跃的最重要因素.探讨了南海夏季风活跃的条件,当LPPE1等于南海季风区的夏季气候平均值时,上升速度大于临界速度的情形,有利于南海夏季风由中断相位向活跃相位的转变.

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