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大气科学  2012 

2009年秋至2010年春我国西南地区严重干旱的成因分析

DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2011.11101

Keywords: 干旱,热带西太平洋,东亚冬季风,准定常行星波传播

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Abstract:

我国西南地区从2009年秋季到2010年春季发生了严重干旱,这次干旱无论持续时间和发生区域或降水减少程度都是近50年来所罕见的,因而本文利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和海温资料从热带西太平洋和热带印度洋热力异常对热带西太平洋和南亚上空大气环流的影响来分析了这次西南地区干旱发生的成因。分析结果表明:从2009年秋到2010年春季,热带西太平洋和热带印度洋处于升温状态,它使得热带西太平洋上空产生反气旋异常环流,造成了西南气流异常在我国东南沿海加强,而华南和华中地区上空处于低槽控制,因而在高原东部为槽后西北气流和下沉气流所控制,造成了从孟加拉湾来的水汽很难到达云贵高原,从而引起了此区域降水长期偏少。并且,分析结果还表明了中高纬度地区的环流异常对此次严重干旱也有重要影响。由于从2009年冬季到2010年春季中高纬度准定常行星波传播的极地波导偏强,而低纬波导偏弱,这导致波的E-P通量在60°N附近对流层和平流层为辐合,而在35°N附近对流层中、上层为辐散,从而引起纬向平均西风在60°N附近对流层和平流层减弱,而在35°N附近对流层中、上层加强,造成了北极涛动(AO)为很大的负值。由于AO为负值,东亚冬季冷空气活动强且路径偏东,使得到达西南地区冷空气偏弱,从而引起西南地区持续性严重干旱的发生。

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