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大气科学  2012 

冬、夏季热带及副热带穿透性对流气候特征分析

DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2011.11109

Keywords: 测雨雷达,穿透性对流,降水频次,降水强度,降水廓线

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Abstract:

文中利用热带测雨卫星(TRMM)搭载的测雨雷达(PR)1998~2007年的探测结果,就热带及副热带地区穿透性对流的频次、条件降水强度及垂直廓线等特征进行了分析。研究结果表明:深对流和穿透性对流都主要发生在热带辐合带(ITCZ)、南太平洋辐合带(SPCZ)、亚洲季风区、20°N以南的非洲以及美洲等地区,它们的空间分布具有明显的地域性和季节变化特征,而且陆地深对流更容易发展成为穿透性对流,但绝大部分地区的穿透性对流频次不超过0.2%。对穿透性对流条件降水强度的分析表明,热带及副热带大部分地区的穿透性对流条件降水强度在10mm/h以上,且洋面的条件降水强度要比陆地大,但由于其频次较小导致其对总降水的贡献并不大。尽管深对流和穿透性对流降水廓线的外形比较相似,但相同的高度,深对流的降水强度要比穿透性对流偏小,而且这种差异随海陆和纬度的不同而有所区别。此外,热带地区(15°S~15°N)冬、夏季深对流和穿透性对流降水廓线都只存在较小差异,并没有显示出明显的季节变化。

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