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地质学报  2002 

白云鄂博――一个典型的碱性-碳酸岩杂岩的厘定

, PP. 501-524

Keywords: 碱性-碳酸岩杂岩,赋矿含铁白云石碳酸岩,碳酸岩分类,成矿专属性,白云鄂博,内蒙古

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Abstract:

在内蒙古白云鄂博地区发育着一套由碱性-碳酸岩杂岩(原H_8)、碳酸岩岩墙群、沉积―火山岩系(原H_9)、矿区浅成中基性岩岩墙群和角砾橄榄岩体群等组成的独具特色的大型杂岩。白云鄂博Nb-Fe-RE超大型矿床其赋矿碳酸岩(H_8),长期被误认为沉积白云岩。根据综合对比研究表明,赋矿H_8同本区典型的火成碳酸岩岩墙群和世界同类碳酸岩存在着高度的相似性。而与本区典型沉积岩剖面中的腮林忽洞微晶丘和白云岩却完全迥异。故白云鄂博矿床赋矿H_8实为一典型的碱性―碳酸岩杂岩。在岩石分类学上,采用CaO-MgO-(FeO十Fe_2O_3+MnO)三端元组分分类图解,将本区碳酸岩类划分为两大独立的岩石分区,即:以方解石碳酸岩为代表的钙质碳酸岩类(Ⅰ类)和以含铁白云石或铁白云石碳酸岩为代表的镁质碳酸岩类(Ⅱ类)。前者岩浆成分属CaFe质系列,后者属MgFe质系列,两者均具有富铁演化趋势。对世界上主要火成碳酸类(不含Na质碳酸岩)进行的统计结果,同样给出了两大独立的岩石类型分区(即Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类)和两大岩浆成分系列(CaFe质和MgFe质)。这一结果则与本区碳酸岩实际有着惊人地一致。它反映一个无可争辨的事实,即全球碳酸岩所固有的成岩成矿专属性,这一属性不受产地、成岩时代和产状等的约束,而表现一致共有的普遍规律。赋矿碳酸岩体

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