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地质学报  2004 

晚新生代以来青藏高原中部环境演化过程的地球化学证据

, PP. 234-241

Keywords: 青藏高原,错鄂湖,Rb/Sr,Zr/Rb,δ~(13)C,TOC,环境演化

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Abstract:

青藏高原中部发育一系列独立的内流断陷湖盆,其中位于南亚季风区边缘的错鄂湖盆发育了巨厚的湖泊沉积,是研究高原内部地质环境变迁与构造-气候旋回的理想场所。本文对青藏高原中部错鄂孔197m沉积岩心Sr、Rb、Zr含量及其比值以及沉积物有机质δ^13C、TOC含量进行了分析,同时结合岩性、粒度、粘土矿物组成,初步建立了青藏高原中部2.8Ma来岩石化学风化的相对强度和古环境演化过程。研究表明,2.8Ma来青藏高原中部经历了三次剧烈的环境演化过程:在约197~170m(2.8~2.5Ma)之间,低Sr含量,高Rb/Sr和Zr/Rb值记录了较弱的化学风化过程,δ^13C、TOC含量反映气候前期暖干,后期偏凉湿,揭示冷湿气候的云杉林突然增加,沉积岩性明显变粗,反映了一次强烈的构造隆升运动;在约170~38.5m(约2.5~0.8Ma)之间,高Sr含量,低Rb/Sr和Zr/Rb值记录流域经历较强的化学风化过程,δ^13C、TOC含量反映高原中部总体处于温湿或凉湿的环境下,沉积岩性较细,高原总体处于相对剥蚀夷平阶段;在38.5~0m(约0.8~0Ma)段,Sr含量处于相对低值,Rb/Sr值相对较高,化学风化相对较弱,δ^13C、TOC含量表明高原中部处于较寒冷的环境之中,沉积岩性的再次明显变粗表明高原中部又经历了一次强烈的构造运动,并使高原中部整体隆升到4000m以上,奠定了现代高原面的基本格局。

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