Snow J E, Schmidt G, Rampone E. 2000. Os isotopes and highly siderophile elements (HSE) in the Ligurian ophiolites, Italy.Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. ,175, 119~132.
[2]
Widom E, Shirey S. 1996. Os isotope systematics in the azores:Implications for mantle plume sources. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.,142: 451~465.
[3]
Zhang C J, Li X L. 1998. PGE geochemistry of the Emeishan basalt province. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 14:297~304 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[4]
Zhang Z C, Wang F S. 2002. Discovery of the Permian picrites in the Emeishan large igneous province. Geological Review, 48(4):448(in Chinese).
[5]
Zhang Z C, Wang F S. 2003b. Sr-, Nd- and Pb-isotopic characteristics of the Emeishan basalt province and discussion on their source region. Earth Sciences, 28 (4): 431 ~ 439 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[6]
Zhang Z C, Wang F S, Hao Y L, et al. 2004a. Geochemistry of the picrites and associated basalts from the Emeishan Large Igneous Basalt Province and constraints on their source region. Acta Geologica Sinica, 78 (2): 171 ~ 180 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[7]
Zhang Z C, Hao Y L, Wang F S, John J Mahoney. 2004c.Petrology, mineralogy, and geochemistry of the Emeishan continental flood basalts, Southwestern China: evidence for activity of mantle plume. Acta Geologica Sinica, 78 (1): 40~51.
[8]
Jaffe L A, Peucker E B, Petsch S T. 2002. Mobility of rhenium,platinum group elements and organic carbon during black shale weathering. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 198:339 ~353.
[9]
Keays R R. 1995. The role of komatiitic and picritic magmatism and Ssaturation in the formation of ore deposits. Lithos. ,34:1~18.
[10]
Keays R R. 1997. Requirements for the formation of giant Ni-Cu-PGE sulfide deposits: the role of magma generation. Transactions of the American Geophysical Union (EOS), 78: F799.
[11]
Lightfoot P C, Hawkesworth C J, Olshefsky K, et al. 1997.Geochemistry of Teriary tholeiites and picrites from Qeqertarssuaq (Disko Island ) and Nuussuaq, West Greenland with implications for the mineral potential of comagmatic intrusions. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 128:139~163.
[12]
Lorand J P, Schmidt G, Palme H, Kratz K L. 2000. Highly siderophile element geochemistry of the Earth\'s mantle: new data for the Lanzo (Italy) and Ronda (Spain) orogenic peridotite bodies. Lithos. ,53:149~164.
[13]
Pattou L, Lorand J P, Gros M. 1996. Non-chondritic platinum-group element ratios in the Earth\'s mantle. Nature, 379: 712~ 715.
[14]
Pierson W A C, Reisberg L, France L C. 2000. The Os isotopic composition of Himalayan river bedloads and bedrocks,importance of black shales. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 176:203~218.
[15]
Ravizza G, Pyle D. 1997. PGE and Os isotopic analyses of single sample aliquots with NfS fire assay preconcentration. Chemi.Geol. ,141:251~268.
[16]
Rehkamper M, Halliday A N, Alt J, Fitton J G, Zipfel J, Takazawa E. 1999. Non-chondritic platinum-group element ratios in oceanic mantle lithosphere: Petrogenetic signature of melt percolation. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 172:65~81.
[17]
Snow J E, Schmidt G. 1998. Constraints on earth accretion deduced from noble metals in the oceanic mantle. Nature, 391: 166~169.
[18]
Walker R J, Morgan J W, Horan M F. 1995. Osmium-187 enrichment in some plumes: evidences for core-mantle interaction? Science,269: 819~822.
[19]
Xing S W, Sun J G, Liu H W. 2002. Review on minerogenesis of high carbon-bearing black shale-type platinum group element deposits.Geology and Exploration, 38 (2): 17~ 21 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[20]
Xu Y, Chung S, Jahn B, et al. 2001. Petrologic and geochemical constraints on the petrogenesis of Perian-Triassic Emeishan flood basalts in southern China. Lithos. ,58: 145~168.
[21]
Zhang G D, Li J L, Xiong Q Y, Qi F, Zeng M G. 2002. Enrichment feathers and patterns of PGE metals in black shale from Zunyi area, Guizhou province. Mineral Deposits, 21 (4): 377~ 386 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[22]
Zhang Z C, Wang F S. 2003a. A method for identifying primary magma-example for picrites and alkaline basalts. Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science edition), 33: 130~ 134 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[23]
Zhang Z C, Wang F S, Hao Y L, Mahoney J J. 2004b. Geochemical comparison of the Emeishan and Siberian large igneous provinces and implication for the petrogenesis. Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica, 24 (1): 12 ~ 20 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Anders E, Grevesse N. 1989. Abundances of the elements:Meteroritic and solar. Geochim. et Cosmochim. Acta, 53:197~214.
[30]
Barnes S J, Naldrett A J, Gorton M P. 1985. The origin of the fractionation of platinum-group elements in terrestrial magmas.Chem. Geol. ,53: 303~323.
[31]
Bennett V C, Norman M D, Garcia M O. 2000. Rhenium and platinum group element abundances correlated with mantle source components in Hawaiian picrites: sulphides in the plume. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. ,183: 513~526.
[32]
Brandon A D, Norman M D, Walker R J, et al. 1999. 186Os-187Os systematics of Hawaiian picrites...Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 174:25~42.
[33]
Chen Y Q, Xia Q L, Liu H G. 2003. Geochemistry of Pt-Pd-Cuhosted formations and its potential of mineralization. Geology in China, 30:225~234 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[34]
Crocket J H. 2000. PGE in fresh basalt, hydrothermal alteration products, and volcanic incursions of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii.Geochim. et Cosmochim. Acta, 64:1791~ 1807.
[35]
Hannigan R, Peucker E B. 1998. Weathering of black shales as sources of radiogenic Os in sea water. In: Geological Society of America,1998 annual meeting. Abstracts with Programs-Geological Society of America. 30; 7, P 223. Geological Society of America (GSA). Boulder, CO, United States.
Arndt N. 2000. Hot heads and cold tails. Nature, 407: 458~461.
[43]
Barnes S J, Picard C P. 1993. The behaviour of platinum-group elements during partial melting, crystal fractionation, and sulphide segregation: An example from the Cape Smith Fold Belt,northern Quebec. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 53: 303~323.
[44]
Brandon A D, Walker R J, Morgan J W, et al. 1998. Coupled 186Os and 187Os evidence for core-mantle interaction. Science, 280:1570~1573.
[45]
Brooks C K, Keays R R, Lambert D D, et al. 1999. Re-Os isotope geochemistry of Tertiary picritic and basaltic magmatism of East Greenland: constraints on plume-lithosphere interactions and the genesis of the Platinova reef, Skaergaard intrusion. Lithos. ,47:107~126.
[46]
Ellam R M, Carlson R W, Carlson S B. 1992. Evidence from Re-Os isotopes for plume-lithosphere mixing in Karoo flood basalt genesis. Nature, 359: 718~721.
[47]
He B, Xu Y G, Xiao L, Wang K, et al. 2003. Mechanism and spatial distribution of the Emeishan large igneous province: new evidence from sedimentary strata. Acta Geologica Sinica,77(2) :194~202(in Chinese with English abstract).
[48]
Horan M F, Walker R J, Fedorenko V A, et al. 1995. Osmium and neodymium isotopic constraints on the temporal and spatial evolution of Siberian flood basalt sources. Geochim. Cosmochim.Acta, 59: 5159~5168.
[49]
Li S R, Gao Z M. 2000. Tracer of the sources of precious metals in the Lower Cambrian black rocks in Hunan and Guizhou provinces.Science in China, 30(2):169~174 (in Chinese).
[50]
Lipinski M, Warning B, Brumsack H J. 2003. Trace metal signatures of Jurassic/Cretaceous black shales from the Norwegian Shelf and the Barents Sea. In: Meyers P A, Negri A, eds. Paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic records in Mediterranean sapropels and Mesozoic black shales. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology, 190:459~475.
[51]
Norman M D, Garcia M O. 1999. Primitive magmas and source characteristics of the Hawaiian plume: petrology and geochemistry of shield picirtes. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 168:27~44.
[52]
Puchtel I S, Humayun M. 2000. Platinum group elements in Kostomuksha komatiites and basalts: Implications for oceanic crust recycling and core-mantle interaction. Geochim. et Cosmochim. Acta, 64: 4227~4242.
[53]
Rehk(a)mper M, Halliday A N, Barfod D, et al. 1997. Platinum-group element abundance patterns in different mantle environments.Science, 278:1595~1598.
[54]
Rehkamper M, Halliday A N, Fitton J G, et al. 2000. Ir, Ru, Pt and Pd in basalts and komatiites: New constraints for the geochemical behavior of the platinum group elements in the mantle. Geochim.et Cosmochim. Acta, 63: 3915~3934.
[55]
Righter K, Walker R J, Warren P H. 2000. Siginificance of highly siderophile elements and osmium isotopes in the lunar and terrestrial mantles. In: Righter K, Canup R M ,eds. Origin of the Earth and Moon. University of Arizona Press, 291~ 322.
[56]
Schaefer B F, Parkinson I J, Hawkesworth C J. 2000. Deep mantle plume osmium signature from the West Greenland Tertiary picrites. Earth Planet Sci. Lett. ,175: 105~118.