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地质学报  2011 

天池天文峰全新世火山喷发物长石表面硅膜特征及意义

, PP. 947-954

Keywords: 天池火山,硅膜,扫描电镜,显微结构,化学组成

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Abstract:

利用扫描电镜和能谱分析研究天池火山天文峰剖面全新世喷发物中长石表面硅膜的结构状态和化学组成,结果显示:天文峰剖面从顶部黑色浮岩向下到暗灰色浮岩中,长石表面发育有不同结构状态的硅膜。硅膜的结构特征有随火山喷发时代越早,长石颗粒表面硅膜越厚,结构越复杂;喷发时代越晚,长石颗粒表面硅膜越薄,其结构越简单的变化趋势,即长石表面硅膜的形态和厚度与火山喷发的时代具有一定的相关性。硅膜的主要化学组成是Si(33.3-26.6%),Al(9.28-6.22),Na(6.08-4.07),K(3.84-2.35)和Fe(3.82-1.64)。化学组成特征范围指示硅膜是硅酸盐溶解沉积而成。硅膜元素之间有随着硅元素含量的增加,铝、钠含量减少,而钾和铁含量变化微弱的关系。天文峰剖面全新世喷发物长石表面硅膜的化学组成和元素之间的相关性类似于Dorn(1998)划分的富碎屑硅膜。硅膜特殊的形貌和化学组成变化反映了它是岩石天然风化、迁移,最后沉淀的客观成因。而Fe元素则可能与微生物作用有关。岩石风化、磨损的粒子和溶解的离子为硅膜的形成提共了物质来源。详细研究硅膜的特征,它将有可能成为从岩石微观方面探讨火山喷发后环境变化和火山喷发期次的一种新方法。

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