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地质学报  2006 

贵州大方煤田主采煤层的矿物学异常及其对元素地球化学的影响

, PP. 589-597

Keywords: ,微量元素,矿物,低温热液流体,贵州

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Abstract:

运用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)、X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、带能谱仪的扫描电镜(SEM-EDX)、逐级化学提取(SCEP)和光学显微镜等方法,对贵州大方煤田11号煤层的地球化学和矿物学进行了研究。结果表明,大方煤田11号煤层中有高含量的脉状石英(11.4%)和脉状铁白云石(10.2%),铁白云石周边常被针铁矿所包裹,在脉状石英中发现有热液成因的黄铜矿、闪锌矿和硒方铅矿,此外,还有少量高岭石充填在脉中,这7种矿物常常同脉共存。脉状石英和脉状铁白云石分别来源于硅质和富铁的钙质低温热液流体,形成温度分别为180℃和85℃。脉状石英早于脉状铁白云石形成。根据Ca/Sr和Fe/Mn值,确定出铁白云石的形成至少经历了3个时期。这7种矿物按照从早到晚的生成顺序为硫化物、石英、高岭石、铁白云石和针铁矿。铁白云石是煤中Mn、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn富集的主要原因,这5种微量元素的含量分别为0.09%、74.0μg/g、33.6μg/g、185μg/g和289μg/g。脉状石英是煤中铂族元素Pd、Pt和Ir的主要载体,它们在煤中的含量分别为1.57μg/g、0.15μg/g和0.007μg/g。另外,黄铜矿、闪锌矿和硒方铅矿亦是11号煤层中Cu、Zn和Pb的重要载体。

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