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地质学报  2009 

扬子地台北缘白勉峡组和三湾组火山岩形成构造环境及岩石成因的地球化学约束

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Keywords: 白勉峡组和三湾组,构造环境及岩石成因,LAICPMS锆石UPb定年,岩石地球化学,扬子地台北缘

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Abstract:

依据中基性火山岩主量和微量元素地球化学特征的差异,白勉峡组可分两部分,一部分火山岩TiO??2?大于1%,变质程度较高,主要分布在下段;另一部分火山岩TiO??2?小于1%,变质程度较浅,主要分布在上段。下段火山岩属拉斑玄武岩系列,上段主体属钙碱系列,稀土总量高(∑REE=83.4~180.8μg/g),轻重稀土分异较低(LREE/HREE=2.17~5.85),有弱的Eu负异常(δEu=0.79~1.01),微量元素原始地幔蛛网图显示有弱的Nb、Ta亏损,具有板内火山岩的地球化学特点,形成于板内裂谷环境。上段火山岩稀土总量低(∑REE=40.3~?82.4?μg/g),轻重稀土分异较高(LREE/HREE=2.3~7.6),无Eu负异常(δEu=0.90~1.11),微量元素原始地幔蛛网图发育明显的NbTa槽和ZrHf槽,Ti、Sr发育较强的低谷,具有典型岛弧玄武岩的地球化学特点,形成于岛弧或大陆边缘弧环境。三湾组玄武岩和安山岩稀土元素分配型式呈LREE亏损的左倾型或呈近平坦型,类似于NMORB,明显不同于白勉峡组,岩石组合和地球化学特点类似于弧后盆地火山岩。火山岩及相关侵入岩LAICPMS锆石UPb定年及元素及SrNd同位素地球化学研究揭示,白勉峡组下段火山岩形成时代可能为1144Ma,其源区为与洋岛玄武岩类似的软流圈地幔源区,部分熔融发生在石榴子石二辉橄榄岩稳定区,岩浆在演化过程中经历了一定分离结晶作用(分离结晶矿物为斜长石+单斜辉石)和地壳混染作用。白勉峡组上段火山岩形成时代可能为437Ma,有可能跨到晚古生代,其源区为受俯冲作用改造的富集地幔区,部分熔融亦发生于石榴子石二辉橄榄岩稳定区。三湾组中基性火山岩源于NMORB近似的亏损地幔源区。白勉峡组下段代表中元古代末板内拉张事件的地质记录,白勉峡组上段和三湾组目前的火山岩样品可能代表了古生代同一洋陆转化的地质记录。

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