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地质学报  2011 

湘江入湖河段沉积物重金属污染及其Pb同位素地球化学示踪

, PP. 282-299

Keywords: 重金属污染,铅同位素,人为源Pb,自然源Pb,沉积物,湘江

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Abstract:

湘江是我国重金属污染最严重的河流之一。本次工作利用等离子质谱(ICP-MS)和多接收同位素质谱(MC-ICP-MS)等技术,对湘江入湖河段沉积物进行了系统的重金属微量元素和Pb同位素分析。结果表明,湘江河床沉积物明显富集Bi、Sc、V、Mn、Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Sn、Sb等多种重金属微量元素,而湖盆沉积物重金属微量元素的富集程度明显降低。地累积指数(Igeo)评价显示,河床沉积物存在Cd、Sb、Bi、Sn、Pb、Zn、U、Tl、Th、Mn、Cu等重金属污染,其中Cd达严重污染程度,Sb、Bi、Sn、Pb等达到中度至重度污染程度,而Zn、U、Tl、Th、Mn、Cu等达中度或轻度污染程度。湖盆沉积物除存在中度的Cd、Sb污染外,其余多数重金属未达到污染水平。铅同位素示踪分析表明,河床沉积物的铅是来自流域上游花岗岩风化的自然源Pb,和流域上游Pb-Zn矿床的矿石铅和燃煤烟尘带入的铅等人为源Pb组成的多元混合铅。且河床沉积物中人为源Pb占80%的比例。湖盆沉积物中的铅则以人为源Pb为主,受上游岩石风化影响较小,为来自流域Pb-Zn矿床的矿石铅和燃煤烟尘带入的铅组成的二元混合铅。河床沉积物存在的Sc、Cd、Bi、Cu、Zn、Sn、Sb等重金属污染与Pb一样,为自然来源和人为来源重金属组成的多元混合重金属污染。值得引起重视。

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