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深地震反射剖面揭示的渭河盆地西安坳陷的地壳精细结构

DOI: 10.6038/cjg20130215, PP. 513-521

Keywords: 西安坳陷,深地震反射剖面,地壳结细结构,渭河盆地,大陆动力学,秦岭造山带

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Abstract:

2005年,跨西安坳陷完成一条NW方向,69km长的深地震反射剖面,首次获得该区域的地壳精细结构、主要断裂展布和深、浅构造关系图像.地震反射CMP叠加时间剖面显示,以反射事件C为界,地壳被分成上下两部分.上地壳由多组近水平反射带组成,具有分段连续性好、局部存在反射带明显错断或形态突变等特征,清晰地刻画出西安坳陷新生代沉积分层、坳陷底界、渭河断裂带、临潼-长安断裂带和秦岭山前断裂带的几何形态和关系.反射事件C是结晶地壳内宽度约0.5s的反射带,最深处位于桩号30km,底界约6.5s,向西北缓慢抬升至5.5s,向南东迅速抬升至5.5s.下地壳有两个明显的反射事件RA、RB:RB是位于桩号40~47km之间的局部反射团,而RA为宽度约2s、向坳陷倾斜的反射带.以桩号38km为界,反射Moho形态截然不同,而且出现了显著的错断:大桩号方向,反射Moho为位于双程走时11~14s水平的反射分段连续的过渡带,宽度约3s;小桩号方向,反射Moho为一宽度约2s、并向大桩号倾斜的反射分段连续的过渡带,其形态和反射事件RA相同.根据地震波速度资料,求得这几个反射带顶界的深度分别为:10.5~13.5km(反射带C)、20.3~21.5km(反射带RB)、16.8~34.3km(反射带RA)和32~36.7km(反射带Moho)左右.作者认为形态一致的反射事件RA和反射Moho很可能是古秦岭洋向华北地台俯冲的遗迹.此外,西安坳陷内错断新生界深达反射事件C的渭河和临潼-长安断裂带和莫霍错断的存在,表明该地区地壳现今活动性很强,是未来强震发生值得注意的地区.

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