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中全新世以来东亚夏季气温对轨道强迫时空响应不一致的模拟研究

DOI: 10.6038/cjg20140608, PP. 1757-1768

Keywords: 中全新世,东亚,夏季气温,轨道强迫,时空不一致

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Abstract:

基于一个海-气耦合模式FOAM(theFastOceanAtmosphereModel)在轨道强迫下对过去6ka气候变化的瞬变模拟结果,本文分析了中全新世以来东亚地区夏季气温对日射变化的响应特征.研究发现,东亚地区夏季气温对日射响应具有时空不一致性:相对于现代,6kaB.P.时北半球夏季日射偏强,东亚地区地面气温却未普遍偏高,而是约以35°N为界,北方显著偏暖,南方气温变化不明显甚至有微弱冷却.自6kaB.P.至今,东亚40°N以北的中、高纬陆地夏季气温大致呈线性降低趋势,以南的低纬陆地夏季气温则呈量级较小的“U”型变化,即气温在约3kaB.P.附近达最低值,前3ka为降温趋势,后3ka为升温趋势.这与一些地质记录反映的气温变化相一致.中全新世以来东亚夏季气温演变的时空不一致性,可能源自因海陆热力惯性不同所引起的气温对日射响应的差异.热容量较小的东亚高纬大陆夏季气温主要响应7月份日射;而热容量较大的海洋对日射的响应通常会滞后约2个月,其夏季气温主要响应5月份日射.受海洋影响,南方陆地夏季气温对日射响应呈现出与海洋相似的特点.在岁差周期上,5、6、7月份日射间的相位差相对于较长轨道时间尺度较不明显,但在相对较短的近6千年时期内,它们相继出现波谷而呈显著趋势差异,从而导致了中全新世以来东亚夏季气温变化的时空差异.正如有学者所指出的,夏季气温变化对应的可能并非同季节日射强迫,考察轨道强迫的气候响应时,如何选择日射标尺至关重要,否则可能混淆“因果”.

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