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一种新的基于卡尔曼滤波的地震记录同相轴跟踪方法及性能分析

DOI: 10.6038/cjg20140122, PP. 270-279

Keywords: 地震勘探记录,卡尔曼滤波,同相轴跟踪

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Abstract:

在地震勘探领域中,卡尔曼滤波常用于地震信号的反褶积以提高地震勘探资料的分辨率和信噪比.不同于此,本文建立一个新的卡尔曼滤波系统模型并利用卡尔曼滤波跟踪地震记录同相轴.同相轴信息在对地下介质性质、界面的深度、界面的产状以及油气定性判别等方面具有极其重要的作用.目前多数拾取地震同相轴的方法与地震波的运动规律结合较少.本文依据地震反射波运动规律构建了用于跟踪地震反射同相轴的卡尔曼滤波系统的状态方程和量测方程,并将炮检距、地震子波到达时和层速度等重要物理量融入所建方程,给出滤波模型和初始化方法,分析不同因素对该系统滤波性能的影响.仿真实验表明,所提出的跟踪滤波系统能较好地拾取地震反射同相轴信息,为拾取地震同相轴提供了一条新途径.

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