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龙门山地区类似2008年汶川大地震滑坡物质河流卸载时间的定量估算

DOI: 10.6038/cjg20130510, PP. 1517-1525

Keywords: 汶川地震,地震滑坡,河流卸载,地貌演化,软流圈物质上涌,龙门山

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Abstract:

定量研究地震滑坡物质河流卸载时间对理解地震与造山带地貌演化之间的关系有着十分重要的意义.本文以青藏高原东缘龙门山构造带内岷江流域为例,定量估算了2008年汶川大地震滑坡物质的河流卸载时间.研究结果表明,如果以位于龙门山构造带内的岷江河段现有搬运能力计算,并且岷江可以有效地搬运汶川地震滑坡物质,地震滑坡物质至少在3100yr内被岷江卸载出龙门山.而龙门山构造带中段类似2008年汶川Ms8.0级大地震的复发周期约为3000yr左右,暗示大地震所产生的滑坡物质量可以在大地震复发周期内基本上被侵蚀和剥蚀所平衡,并被卸载出龙门山构造带.因此,我们推断:除了周期性大地震造成的地表抬升的累积外,龙门山地区地震及其它地表过程所产生的剥蚀物质通过河流快速卸载驱动了地壳均衡反弹和深部物质上涌,形成了青藏高原东缘的高陡地形梯度带.相关的地球物理证据表明在青藏高原东缘可能存在由地表快速剥蚀(或侵蚀)所引发的地球深部地幔软流圈物质上涌.

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