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一种确定震源中心的方法:逆时成像技术(一)——原理与数值实验

DOI: 10.6038/cjg20130414, PP. 1190-1206

Keywords: 地震定位,震源中心,逆时成像技术,波形聚束

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Abstract:

研究地震断层的精细结构需要对地震活动精确定位,然而,盖戈类标准定位方法已经不能胜任.现今计算机技术的发展使我们能够直接面对地震定位这个非线性问题,所以,我们提出一种称为逆时成像技术的确定地震震源中心的非线性方法.首先,从位移表示定理出发,阐述了逆时成像技术的原理;然后,通过多组数值实验,论证了这种技术的可行性.由于直接采用直达波信号构建包络信号,进而采用互相关技术测量观测到时,因此,观测到时的准确性和客观性得到了提升;由于采用波形聚束方法直接建立观测到时和震源位置的非线性关系,因此,绕开了盖戈类方法的线性化过程,从而杜绝了非线性问题线性化过程造成的误差;由于采用波形聚束方法而不是经典的最小二乘法求解,所以,克服了最小二乘解对于少数或者个别"出格数据(outlier)"敏感的缺点;由于采用非均匀网格搜索的方法确定非线性系统的解,所以,可以利用解集的特征半径描述解的分辨率,进而利用观测到时的标准差和分辨率来描述解的不确定性,避免了以观测误差为正态分布的假设为前提的统计方法,克服了这类方法常常给出脱离实际意义的结果的不足.然而,由于采用网格搜索方法求解非线性方程,所以,与盖戈类方法相比,计算效率相对较低.例如:这里的每次定位过程在普通的个人计算机上需要大约30s.不过,用时间换取精度也是惯常的选择.

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