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呼和浩特—包头盆地岩石圈细结构的深地震反射探测

DOI: 10.6038/cjg20150406, PP. 1158-1168

Keywords: 呼包盆地,深地震反射剖面,大青山山前断裂,鄂尔多斯北缘断裂,壳幔过渡带

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Abstract:

跨呼和浩特-包头盆地(以下简称"呼包盆地")完成的91.8km长的深地震反射剖面,揭示了呼包盆地的岩石圈精细结构和断裂的深、浅构造特征.结果表明,本区地壳和岩石圈具有清晰的层状反射结构特征,其中,地壳厚度约45~48km,岩石圈厚度约82~87km.莫霍面在大青山之下出现约3.5km的抬升,暗示大青山的隆升不是因为地壳物质增厚所致,即大青山可能不存在"山根".呼包盆地为南浅、北深的"箕状"断陷盆地,盆地沉积层最厚处位于大青山山前,其厚度约为7~8km.鄂尔多斯北缘断裂和大青山山前断裂作为呼包盆地的南、北边界断裂,在剖面上均表现为由3~4条断裂组成的"Y"字形断裂构造,它们对呼包盆地的形成、地层沉积、基底变形和地震活动都有重要的控制作用.剖面揭示的岩石圈深断裂位于大青山山前断裂的下方,该断裂向上进入上地壳,向下切割中-下地壳、莫霍面,进入上地幔.深断裂的存在为深部热物质的上涌与能量强烈交换提供了通道,而上涌的软流层物质与岩石圈地幔发生交代和侵蚀作用导致岩石圈减薄.

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