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含能材料  2010 

二硝基甲苯硝化反应的热危险性分析

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10069941.2010.06.022

Keywords: 安全技术及工程,二硝基甲苯,硝化反应,热危险性,反应量热

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Abstract:

采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、绝热加速度量热仪(ARC)和反应量热仪(RC)对二硝基甲苯(DNT)硝化反应的热危险性进行了研究。DSC的测试结果表明产物梯恩梯(TNT)的起始分解温度是298.38℃,低于DNT的起始分解温度;而ARC的测试结果显示TNT的开始分解温度为232℃,最大反应速率达到时间为24h时所对应开始温度TD24为224℃;反应量热实验表明DNT硝化过程的放热剧烈,且110℃时反应放热量是90℃的1.4倍,这些热量中有很大一部分来自于副反应放热。因此,该反应必须严格控制温度,避免温度过高引起放热副反应加剧和产物的二次分解。

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