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含能材料  2011 

离子液体对乌洛托品硝解反应的影响

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9941.2011.03.003

Keywords: 有机化学,离子液体(IL),乌洛托品(HA),黑索今(RDX),硝解反应

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Abstract:

以离子液体为催化剂,分别在95%HNO3和N2O5/HNO3体系下,直接硝解乌洛托品(HA)制备黑索今(RDX)。考察了离子液体用量和种类对硝解反应的影响。结果表明:在95%HNO3体系下,[Hmim]NO3具有最好的催化效果,离子液体用量与HA物质的量之比为1.5%,硝酸与HA的质量比为12:1,在-5~0℃下反应90min,RDX的收率为75.9%,而在不加离子液体的条件下黑索今的收率为68.3%;在N2O5/HNO3体系下,[Bmim]BF4的催化效果最好,离子液体用量与HA的物质的量之比为5%,硝酸与HA的质量比为9:1,HA与N2O5的质量比为2:1,在-5~0℃下反应60min,RDX收率可达到85.4%,而在不加离子液体的条件下黑索今的收率为77.6%。可见离子液体对HA硝解生成RDX反应有明显的催化作用。

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