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含能材料  2015 

超级铝热剂反应特性研究

DOI: 10.11943/j.issn.1006-9941.2015.10.016

Keywords: 超级铝热剂 粒径 激光

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Abstract:

以Fe2O3、CuO、Fe3O4、MoO3为氧化剂,分别以50 nm和5 μm的铝颗粒为还原剂,超声复合制备了12种不同组成的铝热剂。采用扫描电镜(SEM)研究了铝热剂的结构和形貌,发现纳米铝颗粒与MoO3的相互分散效果最佳。用差示扫描量热分析和激光点火试验研究了氧化剂种类、颗粒粒径对铝热剂反应活性的影响。结果表明,反应活性次序均为Al/MoO3>Al/Fe2O3>Al/CuO>Al/Fe3O4。相对于微米铝颗粒,纳米铝颗粒可以使超级铝热剂的临界反应温度降低200~400 ℃,而相对于微米级金属氧化物,纳米粒径的金属氧化物仅能使铝热剂临界反应温度降低10~30 ℃。表明铝颗粒粒度是铝热剂反应活性的决定因素,氧化剂的超细化对于铝热剂的反应活性改善仅能起到辅助作用;当铝颗粒粒径在同一量级时,铝热剂的反应活性主要取决于氧化剂种类

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