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含能材料  2015 

双(咪唑)硼烷类自燃离子液体的合成、表征及性质

DOI: 10.11943/j.issn.1006-9941.2015.10.007

Keywords: 离子液体 自燃 硼氢化合物 二氰胺 硝基氰胺

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Abstract:

以三甲胺硼烷为反应底物,通过两步法,合成了以不同烃基侧链咪唑硼烷为阳离子,二氰胺根和硝基氰胺根为阴离子的系列离子液体。采用1H和13C核磁、红外及高分辨质谱等表征方法,确认了所得离子液体的结构和组成,并测定计算了其性质。结果表明:所得离子液体的分解温度均高于150 ℃,密度为1.04~1.27 g·cm-3,比冲为173.8~202.1 s。随着咪唑阳离子烃基侧链的增长,相应离子液体的密度减小,生成焓增大。二氰胺类离子液体同相应的硝基氰胺类离子液体相比,具有更短的点火延迟时间。其中,双烯丙基咪唑硼烷二氰胺离子液体具有良好的综合性能(粘度69 mPa·s,分解温度180 ℃,生成焓753.6 kJ·mol-1,点火延迟时间18 ms,比冲176.7 s),有望作为一种绿色燃料应用于双组元液体自燃推进剂

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