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含能材料  2015 

某些火炸药色谱分析中的样品前处理技术

DOI: 10.11943/j.issn.1006-9941.2015.03.015

Keywords: 萃取 色谱法 硝化甘油 硝化棉 黑索今(RDX)

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Abstract:

用色谱法分析火炸药样品时, 首先要将待测物从固体基质中萃取到溶剂中。传统的火炸药样品前处理方法, 如:索式提取(SE)法、溶剂溶解水沉淀(SDWP)法, 所需时间太长, 不能满足现代快速检测的需求。本研究考察了超声辅助萃取(UAE)、开放式聚焦微波辅助萃取(MAE)、加压加热萃取(PLE)对某些火炸药的萃取效果。结果表明, MAE、PLE需选择不溶解硝化棉(NC)仅溶解待测物的萃取溶剂。UAE、MAE、PLE比SE、SDWP萃取时间短。UAE适用于以非NC聚合物作粘合剂的疏松质地的火炸药样品的萃取。MAE由于硝化甘油(NG)在常压下加热后挥发明显, 限制了较高萃取温度的使用, 即限制了微波的作用, 萃取效率相对于昂贵仪器的性价比不高。PLE可抑制NG的挥发和分解, 对包括黑索今(RDX)在内的待测物有很强的溶解能力, 有萃取效率高、适用面广的优点, 缺点是运行成本较高

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