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含能材料  2009 

新型酸性离子液体催化下甲苯的选择性硝化

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9941.2009.06.018

Keywords: 应用化学,新型酸性离子液体,催化,甲苯,选择性硝化

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Abstract:

用HNIL·NOF3-和HNIL·HSO4-新型酸性离子液体为Lewis酸催化剂,考察了催化剂种类、用量、硝化反应时间、温度、醋酐等因素对甲苯选择性硝化反应的影响,并研究了催化剂的循环使用效果。结果表明,醋酐存在条件下,以CCl4为溶剂、95%发烟硝酸为硝化剂,温度控制在55℃,反应60min,3.0gHNIL·HSO4-新型酸性离子液体催化剂对甲苯硝化表现出较强的区域选择性,产物收率达到99.4%,硝化产物邻位和对位异构体的重量比达1.12,较硝硫混酸的1.67显著降低。该催化剂可循环使用5次,催化活性变化很小。

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