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含能材料  2011 

硝氧乙基硝胺系列化合物的合成与表征

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9941.2011.05.003

Keywords: 有机化学,含能增塑剂,合成,性能

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Abstract:

分别以甲基乙醇胺、乙基乙醇胺、丁基乙醇胺为原料,通过乙酸酐/硝酸法合成得到甲基硝氧乙基硝胺(Me-NENA)、乙基硝氧乙基硝胺(Et-NENA)、丁基硝氧乙基硝胺(Bu-NENA)三种化合物,并采用核磁共振、红外光谱、元素分析等鉴定了其结构;通过正交实验,以反应温度、时间、乙酸酐和浓硝酸用量等为因素,研究其对Et-NENA产率及纯度的影响。结果表明,合成Et-NENA的较佳条件为:n(乙基乙醇胺):n(发烟硝酸):n(乙酸酐)=1:2.6:2.4,第一步反应温度为5~10℃,第二步反应温度为40~45℃,反应时间为15min。采用该条件进行3次实验,结果Et-NENA的平均收率为84.70%,纯度达到98.07%。还对目标化合物的理化性能、安全性能、热分解性能进行了研究。

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