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含能材料  2013 

多向线性聚能切割弹的研究与应用

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9941.2013.01.019

Keywords: 工程力学,卡钻,多向聚能切割弹,数值模拟,金属射流刀,切缝

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Abstract:

针对油气井、矿井卡钻问题,设计一种多向线性聚能切割弹,其结构特点是:圆柱形炸药的四周均匀布置12根空心铜管。采用LS-DYNA程序中的Lagrange算法对该切割弹的爆炸作用原理及侵彻钢管过程进行数值模拟,并将计算结果与实验比较。数值模拟结果表明:12根铜管在爆轰压力作用下形成12股金属射流刀以及伴随其运动的杵体和“尾翼”,12股射流刀分别沿着炸药及12根铜管的中轴线形成的12个平面(各平面之间夹角为30°)向四周运动,其头部速度高达3530m·s-1,杵体速度约1180m·s-1;钢管首先受到爆轰产物的作用发生膨胀和断裂破坏,然后受到12股射流刀的侵彻作用(侵彻速度约2550m·s-1),最终在钢管上形成12条切缝。数值模拟得到的钢管切割变形效果及切缝数量与实验结果十分吻合,所设计的切割弹成功应用于处理某铜矿300m深度的钻井卡钻事故,与目前常用的切割弹相比装药量减少了80%以上,成本降低至少50%,且具有结构简单、加工方便的特点。

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