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含能材料  2015 

凝胶模板法制备RDX/B/Fe2O3纳米复合含能材料

DOI: 10.11943/j.issn.1006-9941.2015.05.001

Keywords: RDX/B/Fe2O3纳米复合含能材料 Fe2O3凝胶模板 超临界CO2 工艺优化 扫描电镜 机械感度 热分解

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Abstract:

采用溶胶凝胶法制备Fe2O3凝胶模板, 加入黑索今(RDX)和硼(B)粉, 制得RDX/B/Fe2O3复合湿凝胶, 利用超临界CO2流体干燥工艺对其进行干燥, 得到RDX/B/Fe2O3纳米复合含能材料。讨论了湿凝胶制备和超临界CO2流体干燥工艺中对凝胶结构和粒子大小的影响因素, 获得了最佳制备工艺条件: Fe3+浓度0.20 mol·L-1, n(Fe3+):n(C3H6O)=1:15, 超临界流体的温度40 ℃和压力10 MPa, 干燥釜升压时CO2流入的速率15 L·h-1, 干燥釜平衡换气时CO2流体的流速2 L·h-1。在此条件下制备得到纳米复合含能材料RDX/B/Fe2O3(质量比为90:2:8), 利用扫描电镜, 差示扫描量热分析了样品的微观形貌和热分解特性, 测试了机械感度。结果表明, 所得纳米含能材料粒度为30~50 nm; RDX/B/Fe2O3分解放热起始温度比原料RDX提前了7 ℃, 放热量提高了885 J·g-1, 机械感度H50=40.8 cm

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