全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元

查看量下载量

相关文章

更多...

某商铺火灾热和烟气危害性数值研究

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7043. 201109031

Keywords: 数值重构, 火灾,, 烟气, 危害性

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

研究商铺火灾中热和烟气对人体的危害,以实际火灾案例为背景,采用大涡模拟方法对起火店面进行数值重构,再现火灾过程.通过与燃烧现场取证及逃生人员的描述比较,计算结果很好地预测了火灾发展过程.探讨了高温、低氧以及一氧化碳和二氧化碳气体对人体的危害,通过构建人体模型研究热通量对人体的影响,并引入危害性指数这一概念,综合温度/浓度和作用时间两方面因素分析各参量的危害性大小,确定了人员致死原因. 研究表明:燃烧造成室内一氧化碳和二氧化碳含量升高,但未达到短时间致死浓度,其危害性指数远小于1,可以认为是安全的.温度危害性指数最高,氧气次之,高温和过低的氧浓度是造成人员死亡的主要原因,这一结论与法医鉴定结果一致.

References

[1]  范维澄, 孙金华, 陆守香,等.火灾风险评估方法学[M].北京:科学出版社, 2004:1-54.
[2]  LEVIN B C. New approaches to toxicity: a seven-gas predictive model and toxicant suppressants [J]. Drug and Chemical Toxicity, 1997, 20(4):271-280.
[3]  安永林, 杨高尚, 彭丽敏. 隧道火灾中CO对人员危害机理的调研[J].采矿技术,2006, 6(3):412-414. AN Yonglin, YANG Gaoshang, PENG Limin. Hazard mechanism research of CO on human in tunnel fires [J]. Mining Technology, 2006, 6(3):412-414.
[4]  刘艳军.建筑火灾烟气危害及其评价分级研究[D].沈阳: 东北大学,2003:6-10. LIU Yanjun. Smoke hazard in building fires and investigation of its evaluation and classification [D]. Shenyang: Northeastern University, 2003:6-10.
[5]  霍然,胡源, 李元洲.建筑火灾安全工程导论[M].合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,1999:78-79. HUO Ran, HU Yuan, LI Yuanzhou. Safety engineering introduction of building fires [M]. Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China Press, 1999:78-79.
[6]  STOLL A, GREENE L. Relationship between pain and tissue damage due to thermal radiation [J]. Journal of Applied Physiology, 1959, 14:373-382.
[7]  BRAUN E, COBB D, COBBLE V, et al. Measurement of the protective value of apparel fabrics in a fire environment [J]. Journal of Consumer Product Flammability, 1980, 7:15-25.
[8]  SHIBIB K S. Thermal damage due to incidental continuous CO?2 laser irradiation on human skin [J]. Thermal Science, 2010, 14(2):451-458.
[9]  RAJ P K. A review of the criteria for people exposure to radiant heat flux from fires [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2008, 159(1):61-71.
[10]  HARTZELL G E. Engineering analysis of hazards to life safety in fires: the fire effluent toxicity component [J]. Safety Science, 2001, 38(2):147-155.
[11]  STUHMILLER J H, STUHMILLER L M. An internal dose model for interspecies extrapolation risk from inhalation of fire gases [J]. Inhalation Toxicology, 2002, 14(9):929-957.
[12]  武来喜.典型建筑中基于烟气成分和温度分布的烟气危害性分析方法研究[D].合肥:中国科学技术大学, 2009:38-43. WU Laixi. Investigation of smoke hazard analysis methodology based on the distributions of smoke components and temperature in typical buildings [D]. Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China, 2009:38-43.
[13]  ZHANG X G, GUO Y C, CHAN C K,et al. Numerical simulations on fire spread and smoke movement in an underground car park [J]. Building and Environment, 2007, 42(10):3466-3475.
[14]  YANG H, JIA L, YANG L X. Numerical analysis of tunnel thermal plume control using longitudinal ventilation [J]. Fire Safety Journal, 2009, 44(8):1067-1077.
[15]  YUAN S S, ZHANG J. Large eddy simulation of compartment fire with solid combustibles [J]. Fire Safety Journal, 2009, 44(3):349-362.
[16]  BISWAS K, GORE J P. Fire dynamics simulation of buoyant diffusion flames stabilized on a slot burner [J]. Combustion and Flame, 2006, 144(4):850-853.
[17]  魏少征.氧气与人体健康[J].职业与健康, 1995, 1:12. WEI Shaozheng. Oxygen and human health [J]. Occupation and Health, 1995, 1:12
[18]  邱榕, 范维澄.火灾常见有害燃烧产物的生物毒理――一氧化碳、氰化氢[J].火灾科学, 2001, 10(3):154-157. QIU Rong, FAN Weicheng. Biological toxicology of common noxious combustion products in fires-carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide [J]. Fire Safety Science, 2001, 10(3):154-157.

Full-Text

Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133