CROW J F. Breeding structure of population[A]. KEMPTHORNE O, BANCROFT T A, COWEN J W, et al. Statistics and Mathematics in Biology[C]. Iowa: The Iowa State College,1954. 543-556.
[5]
NEI M. Molecular population genetics and evolution[M]. Amsterdam and New York: North-Holland, 1975.88-89.
[6]
EKNATH A E, DOYLE R W. Effective population size and rate of inbreeding in aquaculture of indian major carps[J]. Aquaculture,1990, 85:293-305.
[7]
SOULE E. Thresholds for survival: maintaining fitness and evolutionary potential[A]. SOULE M E, WILCOX B A. Conservation Biology: an Evolutionary-Ecological Perspective[C]. Sunderland:Sinauer Associates, 1980. 151-169.
[8]
HEDGECOCK D, SLY F. Genetic drift and effective population sizes of hatchery-propagated stocks of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas[J]. Aquaculture, 1990, 88:21-38.
IBARRA A M, CRUZ P, ROMERO B A. Effects of inbreeding on growth and survival of self-fertilized catarina scallop larvae, Argopecten circularis[J]. Aquaculture, 1995, 134: 37-47.
[11]
LANNAN J E. Broodstock mangement of Crassostrea gigas. Ⅰ. Genetic variation in survival in the larval rearing system[J]. Aquaculture, 1980, 21: 323-336.
[12]
PANTE M J R, GJERDE B, McMILLAN I. Inbreeding levels in selected populations of rainbow trout, Oncorhyachus mykiss[J]. Aquaculture, 2001, 192: 213-224.
WRIGHT S. Evolution in mendelan populations[J]. Genetics, 1931, 16: 97-159.
[16]
SBORDONT S, MATTHAEIS E D, SBORDONT M C, et al. Bottleneck effects and the dipression of genetic variability in hatchery stocks of Penaeus japonicus(Crustacea, Decapoda)[J]. Aquacultre, 1986, 57:239-251.
[17]
SU Gou- sheng, LILJEDAHL L E, GALL G A E. Effects of inbreeding on growth and reproductive traits in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)[J]. Aquaculture, 1996, 142:139-148.
[18]
SHIKANO T, CHIYOKUBO T, TANIGUCHI N. Effect of inbreeding on salinity tolerance in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata)[J]. Aquaculture, 2001, 202: 45-55.
[19]
FRANKLIN I R. Evolutionary changes in small populations[A]. SOULE M E,WILCOX B A. Conservation Biology: an EvolutionaryEcological Perspective[C]. Sunderland: Sinauer Associates, 1980. 135-150.
[20]
HEDGECOCK D, CHOW V, WAPLES R S. Effective population numbers of shellfish broodstocks estimated from temporal variance in allelic frequencies[J]. Aquaculture, 1992, 108: 215-232.
[21]
SASTRY A N. Reproduction of the bay scallop, Argopecten irradians Lamarck: influence of temperature on maturation and spawning[J]. Biol Bull, 1963, 125:146-153.
[22]
FALCONER D S. Introduction to Quantitative Genetics[M]. New York: Longman, 1981. 63-69.