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长江口张网鱼类群落结构特征及月相变化

, PP. 81-92

Keywords: 长江口,鱼类群落结构,时间变化,环境因素

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Abstract:

为了解长江口鱼类群落结构的现状及变化特征,用张网作业对长江口2010年5月至2011年4月12个月鱼类群落进行了调查。结果1周年共记录56种鱼类,以鲈形目(27种)和鲱形目(10种)种类数目最多。鱼类区系为典型的亚热带动物区系,只出现暖水种(25种)及暖温种(31种)2种适温类型。鱼类种类数目以底栖鱼类(26种)和中上层鱼类占多数(21种),底层鱼类数目较少(9种)。丰度或生物量均由少数几种鱼类占优势。根据鱼类生态类群,海洋洄游性鱼类及河口性鱼类占据种类数目的主要地位,而生物量或丰度均由海洋洄游性鱼类占据主导。每网平均种类数目的最大值和最小值分别出现在7月(18.3种)和1月(7.2种),每网丰度最大值和最小值出现在11月(2272尾/网)和1月(71尾/网),生物量的最大值出现在9月(11892g/网),最小值出现在1月(351g/网),而主要种类丰度的时间分布差异也较大;基于丰度计算的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数及Simpson优势度集中指数在时间上也有较大差异,NMDS非度量多维尺度分析显示根据相似性鱼类群落在时间上可分为4组,相邻月一般相似性较近,但2010年12月和2011年1月相似性较小。此外,多元回归分析表明,在径流量、盐度及水温3个环境因素中,引起张网鱼类群落丰度时间变化的主要影响因素是水温。鉴于当前长江口张网捕捞努力量有增加趋势,为保护长江口鱼类群落,需要控制过高的捕捞努力量。

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