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牙鲆选育F3代家系的建立及遗传效应分析

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2015.04.004

Keywords: 牙鲆 F3代家系 遗传力 加性效应 显性效应

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Abstract:

牙鲆是太平洋西岸海水养殖、捕捞和自然增殖的主要鱼类,但是人工养殖病害多、生长慢,针对这一问题,从2003年开始开展了牙鲆选择育种.本文利用筛选和培育的F1、F2代牙鲆家系核心群体,构建了F3代家系52个,在生长到196 d时,对家系1 560尾鱼苗全长、体宽、体质量、全长日增量和体质量日增量5个生长性状进行测量和计算,获得7 800个数据.采用"加性-显性"线性模型、最小范数二阶无偏估计法(MINQUE)对以上生长性状的边际平均值、加性方差分量、显性方差分量、随机方差分量、狭义遗传力、广义遗传力、亲本加性效应、杂交随机效应等遗传参数进行了评估.结果显示:1202、1206、1226和1211家系以上生长性状的边际平均值同时显著高于其他家系.以上5个生长性状的加性方差分量比率为(0.099±0.01)~(0.24±0.02),显性方差分量比率为(0.30±0.02)~(0.31±0.02),随机方差分量比率为(0.48±0.02)~(0.61±0.01),5个性状狭义遗传力为0.099~0.24,广义遗传力为0.38~0.54,以上遗传参数均达极显著性水平(p< 0.01).综合比较18个亲本5个性状的加性效应预测值,发现F0917、F0908、F0905、F0915、F09125和KS(韩国牙鲆)亲本在5个性状上都具有极显著的正向效应(p< 0.01),其他亲本5个性状都不同程度的表现为显著(p< 0.05)或极显著(p< 0.01)的负向加性效应.对42个杂交组合显性随机效应进行预测,D(2×6)、D(2×18)、D(3×4)、D(7×12)、D(7×14)和D(8×13) 6个杂交组合在5个性状上都表现为极显著(p< 0.05)正效应,利用这些杂交组合建立家系将促进牙鲆以上5个性状的生长.本文研究结果,为牙鲆优良家系的建立及新品种的培育初步筛选出了性状优良的亲本、杂交组合和家系,同时为牙鲆进一步选择育种提供了理论和技术依据

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