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西沙生态监控区造礁石珊瑚退化原因分析

, PP. 140-146

Keywords: 西沙,生态监控区,造礁石珊瑚,退化

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Abstract:

2005—2009年对西沙生态监控区5个站位(永兴岛、石岛、西沙洲、赵述岛和北岛)造礁石珊瑚种类、覆盖度、补充量及其主要环境因子进行了调查。研究结果表明,西沙生态监控区造礁石珊瑚呈现逐年退化趋势,活造礁石珊瑚覆盖率从2005年的65%下降到2009年的7.93%,而死珊瑚覆盖率变化则相反,从2005年的4.70%增加到2009年的72.90%。新生珊瑚的补充量也越来越小,2005年为1.21个/m3,而2009年仅为0.07个/m3。进一步分析表明,引起西沙生态监控区造礁石珊瑚退化的原因很多,如生物侵蚀、水温升高、海水酸化和过度捕捞等,而长棘海星大面积暴发是导致西沙生态监控区造礁石珊瑚退化的主要原因。

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