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两种热通量边界条件对热带太平洋海温模拟的影响

, PP. 9-18

Keywords: 海洋模式,边界条件,热带太平洋,总体公式

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Abstract:

利用中国科学院大气物理研究所大气科学和地球流体力学数值模拟国家重点实验室发展的气候海洋模式(LICOM),考察了两种热通量边界条件(牛顿冷却型边界条件和总体公式型边界条件)对热带太平洋海温平均态和年际变率模拟效果的影响。结果显示,在两种边界条件下,模式均能较好的再现海温的年平均空间分布特征和季节循环特征。对比分析发现,在牛顿冷却条件下,模拟结果与观测更加接近,这是因为该条件会通过调整净海表热通量使模拟海温向观测的气候态海温逼近。就年际变率而言,牛顿冷却条件下模式模拟的净海表热通量负反馈作用偏强,从而使ENSO模拟偏弱,进而使中东太平洋的异常经向温度平流模拟偏弱,造成海温异常的经向尺度偏窄。负反馈的强度与耦合系数的选取有关。而总体公式条件下模式能够合理地模拟出ENSO相关的热通量负反馈过程,从而能正确的模拟出ENSO振幅以及ENSO空间型。因此,当利用海洋模式对气候平均态海温进行模拟时,两种条件均可采用,但以牛顿冷却条件为佳;而当对海温的年际变率进行模拟时,应该采用总体公式型边界条件。

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