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北白令海夏季冷水团的分布及其年际变化研究

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Keywords: 白令海,北部陆架,夏季冷水团,多年变化

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Abstract:

利用1982—2008年间的高分辨率CTD数据,对夏季位于北白令海陆架底层的冷水团性质及其多年变化进行了研究。结果表明,依据该区域水体在温盐性质上的差异可以分为4类:陆架冷水团(BSW_C),白令海陆坡流水(BSCW),混合变性水(MW),陆架表层暖水(BSW_S)。以-1℃,2℃和4℃温度等值线指示水团边界,清楚地将这4种水体区分开来。夏季温度在-1℃以下的冷水团通常位于61.5°N以北和深度不超过70m的陆架底层。部分年份在冷水团的南部会出现"冷中间层"的现象,其原因与陆架水和陆坡流水的相互作用过程有关。据现有数据我们定义了"边缘最低温度"和"核心最低温度"两个指标对冷水团的年际变化进行了研究。北白令海陆架的夏季底层冷水的核心最低温度的多年平均值是-1.61℃,与海水平均冰点温度相差0.2℃,表明夏季冷水团中心仍保留了冬季水的低温特征。1989,1994,2002,2003,2004和2005年冷水团势力分布范围相对于多年平均水平要弱一些,为"暖相年",而最近十年夏季底层水的这种冷暖相位的变化在整个白令海陆架上具有一致的变化趋势。

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