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风影响夏季长江冲淡水扩展的数值模拟研究

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2013.01.004, PP. 25-37

Keywords: 冲淡水,,Ekman输送,长江口,EFDC

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Abstract:

基于EFDC(EnvironmentalFluidDynamicsCode)数值模式建立了长江口及其邻近海域的三维水动力学模型,用于研究风对夏季长江冲淡水扩展的影响。基于实测资料的验证结果表明,模型能够比较真实的反映潮汐、海流、温度和盐度的变化过程。敏感性试验的结果显示,风对夏季长江冲淡水的扩展有着非常显著的影响。在Ekman输送的作用下,长江冲淡水将向风向的右侧扩展。5m/s风速下,东风、东南风、南风和西南风4个风向下的冲淡水明显向外海扩展,而西风、西北风、北风和东北风下的冲淡水都被限制在近岸水域。Ekman输送的强度随风速增强而增强,冲淡水向风向右侧的扩展也越来越明显。舌轴区因为层结明显,湍流活动相对较弱,对风能量的耗散相对较小,所以相同的风速增量对舌轴区表层水的加速作用最强,这导致更多的淡水经由舌轴区输送,使得淡水舌宽度随风速的增加而变窄。对长江口海域表面风的气候统计分析表明,上述数值试验结果能够很好的解释气候态下长江冲淡水扩展方向与表面风变化的关系。

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