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热带东北印度洋海域管水母类的群落结构特征

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2014.08.008, PP. 72-81

Keywords: 浮游动物,管水母,种类,丰度,印度洋

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Abstract:

管水母是海洋浮游动物中的重要类群,通常可作为海流或水团的指示种,其分布受温度、盐度和食物的影响。本文根据2011年4月在东印度洋海域(5°S~5°N,80°~98.5°E)26个站的调查资料,分析了管水母种类组成、丰度分布和群落结构特征。共鉴定管水母37种,以热带大洋广布种和赤道种为主,其中扭形爪室水母Chelophyescontorta、巴斯水母Bassiabassensis、双小水母Nanomiabijuga和短深杯水母Abylopsiseschscholtzi是调查海域的优势种。依据调查站位设置及环境特征,将调查海域分东部断面、赤道断面和西部断面3个区域。各个调查站种数变化范围为2~14种,东部和西部断面的种类较丰富,而赤道断面近岸区种数低,离岸区种数增多。管水母的平均丰度为(1.04±0.58)个/m3,分布不均匀,东部断面和西部断面的丰度比赤道断面高,特别是赤道断面近岸区丰度在1.0个/m3以下。调查海区的管水母属于比较典型的热带大洋性生态类群。群落结构分析表明,东部和西部断面的群落结构相似度较高,二者与赤道断面的相似度均较低。调查海域管水母种类和丰度的分布受水文和生物环境因子的综合影响。双小水母Nanomiabijuga可作为东部断面和赤道断面近岸区沿岸水团的指示种,锥体浅室水母Lensiaconoides和褶玫瑰水母Rosaceaplicata可作为西部断面100m以下涌升水团的指示种。

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